Increasing access to groundwater is a high priority in Sub-Saharan Africa. One key to this is to reduce the costs of conventional drilling and borehole construction. This field note, describing a recent study in Ethiopia, sets out how this may be done.
CARTER, R. (2006): Ten-step Guide Towards Cost-effective Boreholes. Case Study of drilling costs in Ethiopia. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDFThe Rural Water Supply Network is a global knowledge network for rural water supply technologies and approaches. The website provides many excellent publications on various topics on rural development, particularly on hand drilled wells. This section presents an overview of the scale and type of hand drilling activity being undertaken in selected countries and the organisations involved.
This document provides a short summary of each of the hand drilling techniques being utilised today; a country-by-country overview of the extent of hand drilling taking place in select countries; an annotated list of organisations involved in promoting and supporting hand drilling and an extensive list of literature, from published articles to training materials and online videos.
DANERT, K. (2009): Hand Drilling Directory. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
This field note is written for water well drilling enterprises as well as other agencies, which manage, or are involved in drilling projects. Using a step-by-step approach it gives clear guidance on how to cost and price the construction of drilled water wells. It also provides tips on business management with an emphasis of the realities faced in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
DANERT, K. LUUTU, A. CARTER, R. OLSCHWESKI, A. (2010): Costing and Pricing. A Guide for Water Well Drilling Enterprises. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
As the quality of water can be seriously affected by a disaster or an emergency, it is best practice to disinfect all emergency water supplies. The most common way of disinfecting is with chlorine. This technical note explains why disinfection is important, why chlorine is used, how it works, how to test for its presence and where and when to test.
REED, B. (2011): Measuring Chlorine Levels in Water Supplies. Technical Notes on WASH in Emergencies #11. Leicestershire: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
This RURAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN MANUAL is the first of three related volumes prepared for the use of prospective and actual owners, operators, managements, technical staff, consultants, government planners and contractors of small Level III and Level II water supply systems in the Philippines.
THE WORLD BANK (2012): Rural Water Supply Design Manual. Volume I. Manila: The World Bank Office Manila URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
As the quality of water can be seriously affected by a disaster or an emergency, it is best practice to disinfect all emergency water supplies. The most common way of disinfecting is with chlorine. This technical note explains why disinfection is important, why chlorine is used, how it works, how to test for its presence and where and when to test.
REED, B. (2013): Measuring Chlorine Levels in Water Supplies. Technical Notes on WASH in Emergencies #11. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
This booklet seeks to suggest ways in which funds can be better used for making safe water available to the poor by illustrating how drilling costs can be reduced without compromising water quality, water quantity, or the productive life of the borehole.
WURZEL, P. (2001): Drilling Boreholes for Handpumps. (= Working Papers on Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation , 2 ). St. Gallen: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
Well rehabilitation is defined as restoring a well to its most efficient condition by various treatments or reconstruction methods (groundwater and wells). This continuing education unit discusses the causes of deteriorating well performance and methods, both traditional and more recently introduced methods.
ISWD (n.y): Well Rehabilitation. Lakeland, FL: International School of Well Drilling (ISWD) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
The Code of Practice sets out nine principles that relate directly to the practicalities of borehole construction. They should be adhered to in order to provide cost-effective boreholes.
DANERT, K. ARMSTRONG, T. ADEKILE, D. DUFFAU, B. OUEDRAOGO, I. KWEI, C. (2010): Code of Practice for Cost Effective Boreholes. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
Many people living in coastal regions rely on shallow groundwater for their water supply. Seawater flooding after a severe storm or tsunami can damage wells and contaminate the groundwater. This technical note provides advice for rehabilitating wells in such circumstances.
VILHOLTH (2011): Cleaning Wells after Seawater Flooding. Technical Notes on WASH in Emergencies #15. Leicestershire: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
This study reviews the situation in the drilling sector in Tanzania, assesses options, and identifies support areas.
BAUMANN, E. BALL, P. BEYENE, A. (2005): Rationalization of Drilling Operations in Tanzania. Review of the Borehole Drilling Sector in Tanzania. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) URL [Visita: 11.03.2019] PDF
This well-illustrated publication provides information on most aspects of well management: basics of groundwater hydrology, water well development (including planning, design, construction, management and maintenance), and well protection are introduced in very clear language and by means of nice graphs and illustrations.
MANCE, E. (n.y): A Landowner’s Guide to Water Wall Management. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada URL [Visita: 08.03.2019] PDF
This technical note describes the planning needed to use surface water (as well as spring water) sources in terms of various planning steps: recognising the problem, organising community support, setting objectives, etc.
WFTW (n.y): Planning How to Use Sources of Surface Water. Technical Note No. RWS. 1.P.1. Washington, D.C: Water for the World (WFTW), U.S. Agency for International Development URL [Visita: 08.03.2019] PDF
The Ministry of Local Government and Housing, in consultation and collaboration with key stakeholders, has formulated National Guidelines to improve the utilisation of water resources on a sustainable basis through effective O&M. These guidelines are based on the experiences of implementation of rural water supply projects in Zambia.
MLGH (2007): Zambia - National Guidelines for Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Hand Pumps in Rural Areas. Zambia: Ministry of Local Government and Housing (MLGH) URL [Visita: 08.03.2019] PDF
