Water Supply
- Hardware
- Software
Important Considerations
Water Supply in Urban Settings
Water Purification
SODIS
When microbially polluted water is exposed to solar light in transparent PET bottles, bacteria, virus and some parasites are inactivated by the solar…
Chlorination
Water disinfection by chlorination was massively introduced in the early twentieth century. It set off a technological revolution in water treatment…
Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS)
Lack of improved access to safe drinking water together inadequate sanitation and hygiene are the overwhelming contributors to the 1.8 million annual…
Water Quality Testing
In many parts of the world, water is not safe enough to drink. There are basic qualitative observations that quickly determine if water is not safe…
Treatment Plant Set-up
Centralised drinking water treatment plants treat large amounts of water from many households in one single spot and consequently most often require…
Slow Sand Filtration
Slow sand filtration is a type of centralised or semi-centralised water purification system. A well-designed and properly maintained slow sand filter…
Sedimentation (centralised)
Sedimentation is a simple, physical pre-treatment of water prior to application of other purification treatments such as filtration and disinfection…
Coagulation-Flocculation
Coagulation-flocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration (e.g. rapid sand filtration…
Chlorination (centralised)
As an effective yet inexpensive disinfectant, chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection method in drinking water treatment plants all over…
Safe Storage
The health implications of inadequate water and sanitation services include an estimated 4 billion cases of diarrhoea and 1.9 million deaths each…
Water Source & Distribution
Rainwater Harvesting (Urban)
Rooftop rainwater harvesting (RTRWH) is the most common technique of rainwater harvesting (RWH) for domestic consumption. It can be done easily,…
Bottled Water
Sales and consumption of bottled water have skyrocketed in recent years. The global consumption of bottled water reached 230 billion litres in 2010…
Well Development & Rehabilitation
Well development of drilled wells is a part of normal well drilling procedure after the completion of the well and before the final disinfection. It…
Water Vendors
Water vendors are common in many parts of the world where water scarcity or lack of infrastructure limit access to drinking water, particularly in…