Sewers

Conventional Gravity Sewer

Conventional gravity sewers are large networks of underground pipes that convey blackwater, greywater and, in many cases, stormwater from individual…

Separate sewerage consists in the separate collection of municipal wastewaters (blackwater from toilets, greywater and industrial wastewater) and…

A simplified sewer describes a sewerage network that is constructed using smaller diameter pipes laid at a shallower depth and at a flatter gradient…

Pressurised sewers or pressure sewers differ from conventional gravity collection systems, because they use pumps instead of gravity to transport…

A storm water system with open channels for the discharge of rainwater exists in most urbanised areas. The channels usually drain off rainwater into…

Vacuum sewerage systems consist of a vacuum station, where the vacuum is generated, the vacuum pipeline system, collection chambers with collection…

Sewer pumping stations (also called lift stations) are used to move wastewater to higher elevations in order to allow transport by gravity flow.…

Transfer stations or underground holding tanks act as intermediate dumping points for faecal sludge when it cannot be easily transported to a (Semi…

A solids-free sewer is a network of small-diameter pipes that transports pre-treated and solids-free wastewater (such as septic tank effluent). It…