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This paper describes the use of solar thermally driven stand-alone desalination systems adapted to remote areas based on membrane distillation. The aim is to develop systems for a capacity ranging from 0.2 to 20 m3/day. Technical simplicity, long maintenance-free operation periods and high quality output are the important parameters that will enable successful application of the systems.

KOSCHIKOWSKI, J. ; WIEGHAUS, M. ; ROMMEL, M. (2003): Solar thermal-driven desalination plants based on membrane distillation. Entradas: Elsevier Desalination : Volume 156 , 298-304. URL [Visita: 07.03.2019] PDF

HASSON, D. ; BENDRIHEM, O. (2006): Modeling Remineralization of Desalinated Water by Limestone Dissolution. Entradas: Elsevier Desalination : Volume 190 , 189-200. URL [Visita: 07.03.2019] PDF

This brochure briefly explains the functions, water treatment potential and advantages of a riverbank filtration system in South India.

TERI (2007): Safe Water by Riverbank Filtration. A Demonstration of an Appropriate Water Treatment Technology. New Delhi & Kingston: Teri & University of Rhode Island URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

This report provides an overview of pathogen and organic trace compound content in water samples from three riverbank filtration (RBF) sites in Delhi, India. Based on the microbial results given in this report and the literature reviewed, it is concluded that RBF effectively reduces (indicator) bacteria and viruses even when the surface water is heavily polluted with pathogens.

SPRENGER, C. LORENSEN, G. PAKDEGER, A. (2006): Occurrence and Fate of Microbial Pathogens and Organic Compounds at Riverbank Filtration Sites in Delhi, India. Unknown: Techneau URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

Alpine Regions are regarded as a valuable source of clean drinking water and of great importance for hydropower use and flood protection. Management of sediments on the basis of experiences gained on the national level is needed to establish transnational actions to preserve existing reservoirs and to avoid uncontrolled exploitation by constructing new storage capacity.

HARTMANN, S. (2004): Sediment Management of Alpine Reservoirs Considering Ecological and Economical Aspects. Neubiberg: German Armed Forces University Munich URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

This publication explains the effects of riverbank filtration with a focus on the German context.

SCHMIDT, C.K. LANGE, F.T. BRAUCH, H.J. KUEHN, W. (2003): Experiences with Riverbank Filtration and Infiltration in Germany. Karlsruhe: DVGW-Water Technology Center (TSW) URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-agricultural-pollution.php [Visita: 04.03.2019]

An article on agricultural pollution, causes and its effects.

SCHMIDT, C.K. LANGE, F.T. BRAUCH, H.J. (2004): Assessing the Impact of Different Redox Conditions and Residence Times on the Fate of Organic Micropollutants during Riverbank Filtration. Karlsruhe: DVGW-Water Technology Center (TSW) URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

This paper looks into various studies on the status of lakes and reservoirs that have been carried out in Malaysia. It details out some of the major issues and problems faced in the areas of lake research, management, governance, capacity building, information management and stakeholder participation. The paper concludes with strategies and plans to consider as the way forward to overcome the issues.

SHARIP, Z. and ZAKARIA, S. (2008): Lakes and Reservoirs in Malaysia: Management and Challenges. URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

There is widespread agreement that the Great Lakes presently are exhibiting symptoms of extreme stress. Many sources of pollution have been impacting the lakes for over a century. The conceptual model here indicates the importance of immediate and sustained action. It advocates using the principles of ecosystem-based management to restore and protect the Great Lakes. Without such action, the lakes could potentially suffer irreversible and catastrophic damage.

BAILS, J. BEETON, A. BULKLEY, J. DEPHILIP, M. GANNON, J. MURRAY, M. REGIER, H. SCAVIA, D. (2006): Prescription for Great Lakes Ecosystem Protection and Restoration. Ann Arbor: Great Lakes Information Network URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

STADT ZUERICH (2012): Seewasserwerk Lengg. URL [Visita: 04.03.2019]

This technical paper explains the vulnerability of bank filtration systems to climate change like the effect of changing temperature or raw water quality and quantity. It also features a case study from Berlin, Germany, where 60% of the water abstracted from wells is due to bank filtration schemes.

HUELSHOFF, I. GRESKOWIAK, J. GRUETSMACHER, G. (2009): Analysis of the Vulnerability of Bank Filtration Systems to Climate Change by Comparing Their Effectiveness Under Varying Environmental Conditions. Unknown: Techneau URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

SPRENGER, C. LORENSEN, G. PAKDEGER, A. (2006): Occurence and Fate of Microbial Pathogens and Organic Compounds at Riverbank Filtration Sites in Delhi, India. Unknown: Techneau URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

This report gives an overview of the opportunities that BF provides for developing and newly-industrialised countries. The information should support these countries in evaluating whether BF constitutes an attractive supplement or even alternative to their water supply system.

HUELSHOFF, I. GRESKOWIAK, J. WIESE, B. GRUETSMACHER, G. (2009): Relevance and Opportunities of Bank Filtration to Provide Safe Water for Developing and Newly-industrialised Countries. Unknown: Techneau URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

MUELLER, B. SCHEYTT, T. SIPPEL, M. HANNAPPEL, S. KLEIN-GOEDICKE, J. DUSCHER, K. (2010): A New Approach to Calculate EMEA’s Predicted Environmental Concentration for human Pharmaceuticals in Groundwater at Bank Filtration Sites. Berlin: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. URL [Visita: 04.03.2019]

The benefit derived from the creation of man-made lakes in Nigeria and other developing countries is usually associated with great risks. Whenever we establish a dam, it appears we dam the inherent consequences to the detriment of man and his environment.

ARAOYE, P.A. (2002): Man-Made Lakes, Ecological Studies and Conservation Needs in Nigeria. Ilorin: University of Ilorin URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

Back in the mid-1940s, Congress recognised the need for better flood control and navigation. To pay for these services, Congress passed laws that started the building of federal hydroelectric dams, and sold the power from the dams under long-term contracts. Today these dams provide efficient, environmentally safe electricity for cities and rural areas.

SEPA (n.y): Lakes, Electricity & You. Elberton: Southeastern Power Administration (SEPA) URL [Visita: 04.03.2019] PDF

PROJECT EUTROPHICATION (n.y): The Impacts of Cultural Eutrophication on Lakes. Sources of Cultural Eutrophication (Research). URL [Visita: 04.03.2019]

https://iah.org/publications [Visita: 04.03.2019]

The research page of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) features many publications on groundwater research.

The application of membrane bioreactor technology for the treatment of landfill leachate is not new. This form of leachate treatment has been operating successfully within Germany and other European countries for nearly 15 years. From an environmental viewpoint, the application of MBR is perceived to be a superior process when compared to the alternative treatment techniques currently operating in the UK. This therefore begs the question, “Why have landfill operators in the UK not applied MBR technology for leachate treatment?”

ROBINSON, A.H. (2005): Landfill Leachate Treatment. Witney: Wehrle Environmental URL [Visita: 01.03.2019]