This case study outlines the activities of an engineering consulting firm that has been contracted to submit a preliminary design for a new water treatment plant for a rural community in Nova Scotia, Canada.
WALSH, M.E. GAGNON, G.A. (2006): Evaluating Membrane Processes for Drinking Water Treatment Design. Halifax, Canada: Association of Environmental Engineering & Science Professors URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
This training guide provides practical information on the chemistry behind chlorination, application of chlorination in a treatment plant, and chlorine safety, including a section of study questions.
RAGSDALE AND ASSOCIATES (2002): Disinfection. Chapter 5. In: RAGSDALE AND ASSOCIATES (2002): New Mexico Water Systems Operator Certification Study Guide. Santa Fe: . URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]Your public water system is the first line of defense against waterborne disease. View step-by-step how water is treated and delivered to your home or business as water that is safe to drink. Your drinking water is inexpensive compared to other household costs. Learn why it is important to keep the environment clean and find out what you can do to protect our nation's sources of drinking water. Fun facts and classroom activities are also featured. This Video can be viewed in English or Spanish.
US EPA (2012): Virtual Tour of a Drinking Water Plant. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
In Australia where water is scarce, the limited rainfall is too valuable to waste. Rainwater is generally safe to drink but collecting a good, clean supply depends on “low maintenance — not no maintenance”. Read more about it here.
SA HEALTH (2008): Rainwater Tanks: Maintenance and Water Care. Adelaide: Department of Health, Government of South Australia URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
This document describes the use of hydrogen peroxide as a liquid disinfectant for faecal coliform reduction from wastewater discharge into a river at Montreal urban community wastewater treatment plant.
WAGNER, M. ; BRUMELIS, D. ; GEHR, R. (2002): Disinfection of Wastewater by Hydrogen Peroxide of Peracetic Acid: Development of Procedure for Measurements of Residual Disinfectant an Application to a Physiochemically Treated Municipal Effluent. In: Water Environmental Research: Volume 74 , 33-50. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]This short case study describes how a drinking water treatment plant was able to remove manganese and reduce turbidity by applying chlorine dioxide to raw water as a pre-oxidant.
SIEMENS (2011): Rocky Mountain Drinking Water Plant Removes Manganese and Improves Turbidity with Chlorine Dioxide. USA: Siemens URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
In this paper, the patents on treatment of water and wastewater approved from 1999 to 2007 were reviewed. An assessment of the current and future outlook for development of new technologies, methods of treatment, equipment and instruments that can be used for water and wastewater treatment applications are presented.
TANSEL, B. (2008): New Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Survey of Recent Patents. In: Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering : Volume 1 , 17-26. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
This factsheet describes the purification of recycled water specially the so-called 7-barriers process (Source control; Wastewater treatment plant; Microfiltration; Reverse osmosis; Advanced oxidation; Natural environment; Water treatment plant).
QWC (n.y): How is Purified Recycled Water Made? . Fact Sheet – Purified Recycled Water. QUEENSLAND WATER COMMISSION (QWC) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]This webpage of Aqua Membranes presents the change of the membrane filtration industry with its unique three-dimensional Printed Spacer Technology.
This webpage by the U.S. EPA gives basic information about the role of chlorine in disinfecting drinking water in the U.S., including the types of chlorine added and the formation of chlorine disinfection by-products.
EPA (2012): Basic Information about Disinfectants in Drinking Water. Chloramine, Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide. Washington, D.C.: U.S.: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
Three emerging treatment technologies, including membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and UV irradiation, hold great promise to provide alternatives for better protection of public health and the environment and thus are reviewed in this paper. The emphasis was placed on their basic principles, main applications, and new developments. Advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are compared.
CPCB (2010): Status of Water Treatment Plants in India. CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
Microfiltration membrane technology provides a unique design solution for small communities (up to 10 000 people). This is especially true in remote locations where space and personnel are limited and where environmental considerations restrict or prohibit chemical and/or sludge disposal.
WACHINSKI, A.M. LIU, C. (2007): Design Considerations for Small Drinking Water Membrane Systems. Tucson, AZ: Water Conditioning & Purification Magazine URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
This position paper provides an overview discussion on the practice of chlorination in water treatment. The discussion covers the following topics: general chlorination practice, chlorine disinfection capabilities, by-product formation, current regulations and use of alternative oxidants for disinfection.
BRAGHETTA, A. JACANGELO, J. TRUSSELL, R.R. MEHEUS, J. (1997): The Practice of Chlorination. Application, Efficacy, Problems and Alternatives. Colombo: The International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
This chapter considers various processes for the removal of microbes from water. In particular, it discusses: pre-treatment; coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; ion exchange; granular filtration; slow sand filtration.
WHO (2004): Chapter 2. Removal Processes. In: LECHAVELLIER, M. and AU, K-K (eds). Water Treatment and Pathogen Control - Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water. London (UK): World Health Organisation (WHO). IWA Publishing, pp. 05-40. URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]
This manual from EPA provides technical information on the use of membrane filtration and application of the technology.
EPA (2005): Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual. Washington D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) URL [Accessed: 22.05.2019]