Short general and technical description on single-vault UDDTs.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. Single-vault Dehydration Toilets with Urine-diversion . (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-B2 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
A 2-page factsheet summarizing the EcoSanRes ‘Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production’ publication with short information on urine as a fertilizer, application rates etc.
ECOSANRES (2008): Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production. Factsheet. (pdf presentation). (= EcoSanRes Factsheet , 6 ). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This presentation offers the chance to learn about how to make different kinds of pedestals.
MORGAN, P. SHANGWA, A. (2009): How to Make Simple Pedestals. The Chisungu Primary School Water and Sanitation project. Stockholm : Ecological Sanitation Research (EcoSanRes), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Case study from urine crop trials in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, showing the possibility for improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield.
KASSA, K. ; MEINZINGER, F. ; ZEWDIE, W. (2010): Urine diversion dry toilet (UDDT) for Agafari´s household Arba Minch, Ethiopia. In: ECOSANCLUB: URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Short general and technical description on double-vault UDDTs.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. Double-vault Dehydration Toilets with Urine-diversion . (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-B1 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This is a short presentation about an innovative sanitation solution in floating communities in Cambodia.
HAGAN, J. BROWN, M. (2011): Design for Sustainable Sanitation - Floating Toilets. (= Pdf Presentation ). Phnom Penh and Melbourne: Live and Learn Environmental Education and Engineers without Borders URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Description of some examples of construction plans for dehydration toilets.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. Dehydration toilets Construction Plans – selected examples. (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-C1 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This lecture note, which is specifically prepared for the diploma level environmental health students, addresses the problem of human waste disposal or management. Different appropriate latrine technologies and on-site wastewater containment and treatment facilities are listed; their construction methods and the advantages/ disadvantages of each are included.
FARIS, K. ALEMAYEHU, T. WUBSHET, M. HAILU, D. (2002): Human and other Liquid Waste Management. Jimma and Atlanta: Jimma University URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This document contains a worldwide listing of suppliers for waterless urinals and urine diversion toilet pedestals and squatting pans.
MUENCH, E. (2010): Appendix: Worldwide Listing of Suppliers for Waterless Urinals and Urine Diversion Toilet Pedestals and Squatting Pans. (= Technology Review ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This book puts forward ecological sanitation as an alternative to conventional sanitation, and was one of the very first of its kind. It documents different options of ecosan based on dehydrating and composting toilets in use around the world. The book has been reviewed and enlarged since then.
ESREY, S. A. ; GOUGH, J. ; RAPAPORT, D. ; SAWYER, R. ; MAYLING, S.H. ; VARGAS, J. ; WINBLAD, U. (1998): Ecological Sanitation. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This report presents the present state of knowledge about urine-separating toilets and systems for the recirculation of urine as an agricultural fertilizer. It contains a description of urine separation technology and how a system can be constructed for recirculating urine from residential districts to farmland. It also contains concrete recommendations about planning and management of the various components of the system.
JOHANSSON, M. (2000): Urine Separation - Closing the Nutrient Cycle. Final Report of the R&D Project: Source-Separated Human Urine - A Future Source of Fertilizer for Agriculture in the Stockholm Region. Stockholm: Stockholm Vatten, Stockholmshem & HSB National Federation URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
The Sphere Project is an initiative to determine and promote standards by which the global community responds to the plight of people affected by desasters. This handbook contains a humanitarian charter, protection principles and core standards in four disciplines: Water, sanitation and hygiene; food security and nutrition; shelter, settlements and non-food items; and health action.
THE SPHERE PROJECT (2011): Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response. Bourton on Dunsmore: Practcal Action Publishing URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
In areas that experience a seasonally high groundwater table or that are prone to flooding, constructing affordable on-site sanitation facilities can be very problematic. It is a challenge that affects many countries worldwide. This technical brief provides practical guidance on some sanitation options in such conditions.
PARRY-JONES, S. (1999): On-Site Sanitation in Areas with a High Groundwater Table. Leicestershire: , Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Loughborough University URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Selected examples of graphical user instruction for dehydration toilets.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. User Instructions for Dehydration Toilets . (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-C2 ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This presentation exemplifies on how to increase maize production through the application of urine fertiliser.
MORGAN, P. SHANGWA, A. (2009): Using Urine to Increase Maize Production in Schools. The Chisungu Primary School Water and Sanitation project. Stockholm : Ecological Sanitation Research (EcoSanRes), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
In Leh, a small town in Jammu and Kashmir, people try to replace traditional sanitation systems by waterborne toilet systems. This project tries to revitalise the traditional ecological sanitation practice that is threatened to fall into oblivion. Different improvements of the traditional Ladhaki toilets are suggested. Due to an extremely dry climate, it is possible to process human excreta indoors without prior diversion of urine, by using a combination of soil composting and dehydration.
DAWA, S. KREUTZER, G. PANESAR, A. (2009): Improved traditional composting toilets with urine diversion, Leh, Jammu and Kashmir State, India - draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
Short general description on dehydration toilets.
GTZ (2006): Dehydration Toilets. General Description . (= Technical Data Sheets for Ecosan Components, 02-A ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This case studies reports form the implementation of ecosan toilets in the peri-urban area of Ouagadougou financed by the European Union. The aim of the project was to demonstrate ecosan on an urban level with a centralised collection and treatment facilities and commercialisation of hygienised urine and faeces.
FALL, A. (2009): Urban Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets and Reuse Ouagadougou Burkina Faso - Draft. (= SuSanA - Case Studies ). Eschborn: Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]
This publication discusses WAND’s experience in promoting ecological sanitation in flooded zones where pour-flush toilets are no longer effective and where people defecate in the open. In this project, promoting a decentralized sanitation system that is cheap, robust, appropriate, and scalable is possible.
SAYRE, E.V. SAYRE, J.C. (2011): Sanitation Solutions for Flooded Zones. The WAND Foundation Experience. London: Water, Agroforestry, Nutrition and Development Foundation (WAND) Inc URL [Accessed: 31.05.2019]