Library

This poster illustrates how to use Ecosan toilets and handle faecal compost in a safe way.

NETWAS (n.y): Proper Use and Safe Handling of Ecosan By-Products. Kampala: Network for Water and Sanitation (NETWAS) URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

This article provides detailed information on terra preta, the historical background and the latest ideas and theories of creating a synthetic terra preta.

BALLIETT, A. (2007): Terra Preta. Magic Soil of the Lost Amazon. Entradas: Acres U.S.A. The Voice of Eco-Agriculture: Volume 37 , 16-18. URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

The paper provides information on the discoveries of terra preta at various regions within the Amazonas area. The different soils are explained and historical background is given. Besides characteristics of the different soil types a classification is done. Results of different studies concerning the application of the pre-Columbian Indigenous techniques for sustainable land use and field and laboratory research are provided.

SOMBROEK, W. KERN D. RODRIGUEZ, T. CRAVO, M. S. da JARBAS, T. C. WOODS, W. GLASER, B. (2002): Terra Preta and Terra Mulata: pre-Columbian Amazon kitchen middens and agriculture fields, their sustainability and their replication. Thailand: Presentation of 17th WCSS URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

The publication explains the purposes of urine diversion, its benefits and challenges, urine precipitation, urine treatment and reuse in agriculture. Further, it provides an overview on design and operational aspects for equipment needed, such as waterless urinals and urine diversion toilets including supplier information and indicative costs. Overall, it pulls together scattered knowledge around the topic of urine diversion in a concise manner.

MUENCH, E. von WINKER, M. (2011): Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Overview of Urine Diversion Components such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems. Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

This publication offers a complete overview of UDDT functions, design considerations, common operation and maintenance issues and generalised installation costs. Its focus is on applications in developing countries and countries in transition, although UDDTs are also applicable in developed countries.

RIECK, C. MUENCH, E. HOFFMANN, H. (2012): Technology Review of Urine-Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDTs). Overview on Design, Management, Maintenance and Costs. (= Technology Review ). Eschborn: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) GmbH URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter [Visita: 11.05.2019]

The Wikipedia description of the terra preta soil.

The paper describes the bacterial diversity and community structures of a pristine forest soil and an anthropogenic terra preta from the Western Amazonian forest using molecular methods to identify the predominant phylogenetic groups. The survey provides a detailed analysis of the composition and structure of bacterial communities in terra preta anthrosols.

KIM, J. S. ; SPAROVEK, G. ; LONGO, R. M. ; MELO, W. J. de ; CROWLEY, D. (2007): Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the Western Amazon. Entradas: Soil Biology and Biochemistry: Volume 39 , 684-690. URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

This poster illustrates how to transform faecal waste to usable compost.

NETWAS (n.y): Primary and Secondary Processing of Ecosan By-Products. Kampala: Network for Water and Sanitation (NETWAS) URL [Visita: 11.05.2019]

The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of terra preta sanitation (TPS) systems as an alternative sanitation option. The effects of lactic-aid conditions in urine-separation dry toilets and a subsequent treatment by vermicomposting are assessed. Research focused on analysing standard chemical and biochemical properties of the toilet products to evaluate their stability and maturity, and establish nutrient status.

FACTURA, H. ; BETTENDORF, T. ; BUZIE, C. ; PIEPLOW, H. ; RECKIN, J. ; OTTERPOHL, R. (2010): Terra Preta Sanitation: re-discovered from an ancient Amazonian civilisation - integrating sanitation, bio-waste management and agriculture. Entradas: Water Science and Technology, accepted for publication: URL [Visita: 10.05.2019]

COLLIER, H. (2004): Hydropower and the Environment: Towards better decision-making. Beijing: United Nations Symposium on Hydropower and Sustainable Development October 27-29 2012 URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

SAN BRUNO, G. CHOULOT, A. DENIS, V. (2010): Energy Recovery in Existing Infrastructures with Small Hydropower Plants. Multipurpose schemes – Overview and examples. Brussels (Belgium): European Small Hydropower Association (ESHA) URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

In this document, the Need project describes the large-scale hydropower plants and summarizes technical aspects as well as some economic and environmental aspects.

THE NEED PROJECT (2011): Hydropower Fact Sheet. Manassas, Virginia: The Need Project URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This manual, Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design, provides a guiding vision for South African settlement formation, addressing the qualities that should be sought after in our human settlements, and providing guidance on how these can be achieved. The publication has been developed over a period of more than two years through a participative process in which stakeholders and experts from various disciplines were involved.

CSIR (2000): Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design. Pretoria: CSIR Building and Construction Technology, Vol II, Chapter 6, pp.1-39 URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

TRYENGINEERING (2011): Working with Watermills. Piscataway, NJ: Try Engineering Association URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This report describes the development of local capacities in planning, design, implementation and operation of Small-scale hydropower systems at local and sub-regional scale in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.

KASSANA, L. MASHAURI, D. CHAMBEGA, D.G. MKILAHA, I.S.N. MHILU, C.F. NGELEJA, J. NGELEJA, J. MAKHANU, S. CASIMIR, M. KIZZA, M. MUNIIMA, K. MTALO, F. PETRY, B. (2005): Small Scale Hydropower for Rural Development. Cairo, Egypt: Nile Basin Capacity Building Network (NBCBN) URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This report presents the results of a study aiming to construct a model for the transfer and adaptation of watermills from Britain to Australia in the nineteenth century. It provides a model and a number of factors to consider when a country decides to import a technology from another country.

PEARSON, W. (1996): Water Power in Dry Continent: The Transfer of Watermill Technology from Britain to Australia in the Nineteenth Century. Entradas: Australasian Historical Archaeology: Volume 14 , 46-62. URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This presentation gives information on micro hydro projects, which includes definitions, power calculations and some technical aspects to civil works.

EERE (2011): Types of Hydro Power Facilities. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This publication is a manual about constructed wetlands used for stormwater management.

METROCOUNCIL (n.y): Constructed Wetlands: Stormwater Wetlands. Saint Paul: Metropolitan Council URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This guide provides a concise technical guide to build a micro hydro system, with sufficient technological knowledge. Aspects such as capacity, equipment and permissions are discussed in this document. This report provides a special section on water wheels.

HILL, P. (2009): How to Develop a Micro Hydro Scheme. West Yorks, U.K.: Alternative Technology Centre URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]

This document presents general specifications on low head and small-scale hydroelectric power plants.

TOSHIBA (2011): Hydro-eKids Micro Hydro Power Generating Equipment. Tokyo: Toshiba Corporation URL [Visita: 09.05.2019]