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Festac Town, Lagos, Nigeria is a typical community that is presently not being serviced by water utilities. Households therefore seek other alternative sources including water vending. This paper examined the role of water vending in household water supply delivery in this community. It identified the sources of water supply by the vendors, assessed their level of patronage among households and identified the problems associated with their operations. The paper concludes that the most sustainable strategy would be to resuscitate the moribund piped water supply system earlier initiated by the Water Supply Agency (WSA).

OLAJUYJUGBE, A.E. ; ROTOWA, A.E. ; ADEWUMI, I.J. (2012): Water Vending in Nigeria. A Case Study of Festac Town, Lagos, Nigeria. Entradas: Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences: Volume 3 , 1. URL [Visita: 09.07.2019]

The purpose of this guidebook is to serve as guidance for those interested in developing a land-use change and forestry project under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. The guidebook has been created by Winrock International, in collaboration with the International Tropical Timber Organization.

ITTO (2006): Guidebook: For the Formulation of Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism. Yokohama: International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) URL [Visita: 09.07.2019]

A project report showing the potential of controlled drainage in around the world with a focus chapter on the Egypt and India. The paper includes influencing factors such as social or water risks as well as crop-related hazards.

ABBOT, C.L., LAWRENCE, P., PEARCE, G.R. and ABDEL-GAWAD, S. (2002): Review of the Potential for Controlled Drainage Around the World. (KAR Project R7133). Oxon: HR Wallingford and Department for International Development (DFID) URL [Visita: 09.07.2019]

The conflict analysis tools tip sheet summarises seven tools that can be used to assess different conflict characteristics in a more structured way. The aim of the tools is to make subjective conflict perceptions more transparent, and to enhance reflection and communication. The tools presented are: Conflict wheel, conflict tree, conflict mapping, glasl's escalation model, conflict perspective analysis, needs-fears mapping, and a multi-causal role model.

MASON, S. RYCHARD, S. (2005): Conflict Analysis Tools - Tip Sheet. Bern: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Conflict Prevention and Transformation Division (COPRET) URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

This training course teaches a set of skills that will help water resources decision makers prevent conflict, deal with conflict should it arise, and use water decisions as a venue for dialogue when others are closed to parties locked in various types of non-water conflicts. Topics include: Identification of the characteristics of effective participatory, consensus building, and conflict management processes. Identification of behaviours that escalate conflict during a dispute with other agencies, stakeholders, or the public – and identification of behaviours that halt this escalation.

DELLI PRISCOLI, J. (2003): Participation, Concensus Building and Conflict Management Training Course. Paris: UNESCO – Division of Water Sciences URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

Although this document is mainly prepared for companies, it also helps to find out about strategy development within a community as it shows the most important steps to take.

KAPLAN, R. S. NORTON, D. P. BARROWS, E.A. (2008): Developing the Strategy: Vision, Value Gaps, and Analysis. Balanced Scorecard Report. Boston: Harvard Business School URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

OHRD (2010): Conflict Resolution. University of Wisconsin: Office of Human Resource Development (OHRD) URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

SCHIEFFER, A. ; ISAACS, D. ; GYLLENPALM, B. (2004): The World Café. Part One. Entradas: Transformation: Volume 18 , 1-9. URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

This three-page factsheet provides short but top-notch information about conflict management. It presents knowledge, tips and skills that are useful in conflict resolution and describes steps to manage a potential conflict.

NRCS (2005): Conflict Management. Greensboro: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Social Sciences Team URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

This briefing tries to raise awareness of the links between water issues and conflict and focuses on integrating conflict prevention and natural resource management. The paper discusses direct links between water and conflicts as well as indirect links. In addition, several options and instruments of conflict management are presented.

KRAMER, A. (2004): Water and Conflict. Policy briefing for USAID. Washington DC: Adelphi Research, Center for International Forestry Research, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars URL [Visita: 08.07.2019]

http://www.theworldcafe.com/ [Visita: 08.07.2019]

Website maintained by the World Café Community Foundation, containing diverse information about the method.

Spain is a country where water can be scarce and as result of this water scarcity, conflicts between different stakeholders can arise. Information and participation is essential to solve conflicts and scenario building helps to understand problems and main issues which could strengthen further in future.

MARTINEZ-SANTOS, P. VARELA-ORTEGA, C. HERNANDED-MORA, N. (2007): Making inroads towards adaptive water management through stakeholder involvement, the NeWater experience in the Upper Guadiana basin, Spain. (= =Proceeding of the CAIWA International Conference on Adaptive & integrated Water Management, 12th to 15th November 2007; Session E4 ). URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

This SEAGA Field Handbook is written for development agents who work directly with local communities in developing countries. It is intended for outsiders such as extensionists, government and non-government field workers, and private- and public-sector development consultants, and for insiders such as community organisers and leaders of local groups and institutions. The purpose of this handbook is to support participatory development planning at the community level.

FAO (2001): Field Level Handbook. SEAGA Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis Programme. Rome (Italy): FAO URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

This handbook introduces various participatory tools used within the participatory rural appraisal framework.

ADEBO, S. (2000): Training Manual on Participatory Rural Appraisal. Addis Ababa: My Fire Community URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

A concrete example about the use of Venn diagrams and what they can detect. The use of Venn diagram is simple, but it is not without any problems as this example shows.

FARNWORTH, C.R. (1998): Musing on the use of chapati diagrams. Entradas: PLA Notes 1998: Volume 31 , 9-12. URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

This document offers the most important information to know for managing coloured cards.

METAPLAN GMBH (n.y.c) Primer for the Metaplan Technique. How to Moderate Group Discussions Using the Metaplan Technique. Quickborn: Metaplan URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

This task group was devoted to the assessment of the existing low conventional sanitation options and the innovative sanitation technologies. All the feasible technologies available were evaluated using the criteria designed in WP1, based on the existing applications in Africa and other relevant developing countries.

ZURBRUEGG,C. TILLEY, E. (2007): Evaluation of existing low-cost conventional as well as innovative sanitation system and technologies. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG) URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

A document that deals with the use of diagrams. This includes not only Venn diagrams but also other types of diagram. The file first it gives an introduction to the type of diagram, then some instructions on how to use them. At the end, an example is presented.

HAWKINS, R. (n.y): System Diagram – Guidelines. Wageningen: International Centre for development oriented Research in Agriculture (ICRA) URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

This document in German offers the most important information to know for managing coloured cards.

METAPLAN GMBH (n.y.a) Fibel zur Metaplantechnik. Wie man mit der Metaplantechnik Gruppengespräche moderiert. Quickborn: Metaplan URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]

This document explains four possible visions in “Interconnecting Water”. The scenarios are not detailed described and some technologies are not even available. The aim of this paper is to inspire people and future generations.

FOKKE, M. REGOORT, P. VOSKAMP, T. STRUKER, A. BERG, M. van den TIMMERS, W. GELDOF, G. EEM, H. van der HENDRIKS, A. WOLDERS, M. O. (2009): Interconnecting Water, Urban Water Cycle Long Term Vision. Den Haag, Gravenhage & Rijswijk: Samenwerken Aan Water URL [Visita: 07.07.2019]