Library

These three appendixes describe rather recent water situations, from expert's point of view, delivering various analysis: water system assessment and summary findings for 18 Asian cities (Appendix 1), six case studies dealing with different water management systems and resource situations (Appendix 2), and six examples of divers small-scale water providers (Appendix 3).

MCINTOSH A.C. (2003): Appendixes. 1: City Profiles and Summary Findings. 2: Case Studies. 3: Examples of Small-Scale Water Providers. المُدخلات: MCINTOSH, A.C. ; (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. . URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

This manuals is primarily aimed at project managers, engineers and technicians, but can also be used by others. It contains information on project development in regard to drinking water supply and concrete tools for project management.

FROEHLICH, U. WEHRLE, K. NIEDERER, S. (2001): Management Guide. St. Gallen: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT). Series of Manuals on Drinking Water Supply, vol 2. URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

International guidelines for designing intermittent water supplies. Contains a case study focusing on pressure optimisation.

VAIRAVAMOORTHY, K. AKINPELU, E. LIN, Z. ALI, M. (2001): Design of Sustainable Water Distribution Systems in Developing Countries. London: Water Development Research Unit, South Bank University URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

Proceedings and key issues of meetings held during the Urban Think Tank workshop in Hyderabad, India, focusing on intermittent water supplies. Strategies and different approaches to change the water supply system from intermittent to continuous were discussed.

MYERS, S. (2003): 24-Hour Water Supply: is this Goal Achievable? . (= Nagari Report of Urban Think Tank No. 15 ). New Delhi: Water and Sanitation Program – South Asia (WSP-SA) URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

In this technical note, the delivery systems normally considered for rural villages are described in terms of three levels of service. These depend on the constructing, operating and maintenance costs and techniques, and their impact on the consumer's health and convenience.

USAID (1982): Methods of Delivering Water. Washington D.C. (USA): United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Water for the World -Technical Note No. RWS. 4.M URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

This manual is intended for the managers and technicians in charge of the operation and maintenance of the urban drinking water supply systems. It is a guide to strengthen the technical, operational and managerial capabilities required of the concerned personal in order to maintain acceptable norms of quantity, quality, reliability and cost.

CPHEEO (2005): Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems. New Delhi: Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Indian Ministry of Urban Development URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

This report compares different water utilities in Africa, in regard to their size, operation, efficiency, and also debt and liquidity. Yet, it also contains more general information, such as an economic and regulatory overview of water utilities (water utility business models, performance agreements, management, availability of water and sanitation, regulatory environment, tariff structure etc.).

WSP (2008): African Water Utilities Regional Comparative Utility Creditworthiness Assessment Report. Kenya: Water and Sanitation Program - Africa Regions URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]

Compilation of the water balance and non-revenue water in Asia. The publication contains strategies to reduce non-revenue water and other losses through case study, examples and practical measures.

MCINTOSH, A.C. (2003): Chapter 9. Non-Revenue Water. المُدخلات: MCINTOSH, A.C. ; (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. . URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Case study presentation on Ibague, Colombia, to reduce non-revenue water. Leak detection campaign and commercial losses action plan.

LUPO, F. NGUYEN, P.A. NGUYEN, N.H. (2005): Non Revenue Water Reduction. (= Non Revenue Water Reduction ). FLUIDIS-WMI URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Water brief on non-revenue water in Asia (30% of its production) examples of applicable measures and positive results.

ADB (2007): Curbing Asia's Nonrevenue Water . (= Water for All Water Briefs ). Asian Development Bank (ADB) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (U.S.) (2006): Drinking Water Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Guidance notes aimed at staff with little or no experience in leak detection and location techniques and practices. Compilation of international leakage expert's key best practices and technical understandings.

PILCHER, R. HAMILTON, S. CHAPMAN, H. FIELD, D. RISTOVSKI, B. STAPELY, S. (2007): Leak Location and Repair. (= Guidance Notes ). International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

The Water Audit manual gives guidance on all aspects from when water gets to the distribution system to when water finally gets to the consumer. The scope of this water balance manual covers all aspects from the water supplied to the distribution system as well as water losses and/or used with the distribution system and what eventually reaches to the customer¿s premises and is billed/converted into revenue for the utility. The manual covers the procedures for determination of the various components of the water balance.

UN-HABITAT (2013): Water Audit Manual. (= Utility Management Series for Small Towns , 4 ). Nairobi: UN-HABITAT URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Guide and sourcebook on urban water supplies, focusing on Asia. It looks at problems and solutions related to water resources management, private sector participation, non-revenue water… The book proposes a new approach to the development and management of water supplies, based on transparent government policy and regulation, and the involvement of civil society.

MCINTOSH, A.C. (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. Asian Development Bank (ADB) and International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Paper presented at the IWA's fourth World Water Congress in Marrakech. Guide to elaborate a “universal” non-revenue water reduction strategy, also applicable in developing countries. Divided in two parts. Part 1: Investigating and Assessing Water Losses, Part 2: Planning and Implementing the Strategy.

LIEMBERGER, R. FARLEY, M. (2004): Developing a Non-Revenue Water Reduction Strategy. Marrakech: International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Manual aimed at professionals, for leakage assessment and detection, providing details concerning the main methods and guidelines for their application.

CPHEEO (2005): Chapter 15. Water Audit and Leakage Control. المُدخلات: CPHEEO (2005): Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems. New Delhi: 343-368. URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

This handbook describes the methods and procedures of the Rapid assessment of drinking-water quality (RADWQ) applied by WHO and UNICEF to explore the quality of drinking-water from "improved" sources in five countries. The handbook is for adoption by any authority or institution that wants to prepare a snapshot of the quality of "improved" sources of drinking-water, as a first step towards strengthening drinking-water quality regulations.

WHO ; UNICEF (2012): Rapid assessment of drinking-water quality. A handbook for implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Aimed at professionals, this 6-page publication explains how to calculate a leakage rate and detect and repair leaks.

WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (2008): Reduce Leaks Using Water Audits and Leak Detection Surveys. Tumwater: Office of Drinking Water (ODW) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

Field note on the implementation of non-revenue water programs through case studies of service providers in India and Vietnam. It describes the managerial and accountability instruments developed, complementary to technical measures.

AGRAWAL, P.C. (2008): Performance Improvement Planning. Designing an Effective Leakage Reduction and Management Program. (= Field Note No. 3 ). Washington: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Accessed: 14.05.2019]

https://www.flushmate.com/howitworks/ [Accessed: 13.05.2019]

The “How it Works” section of the company FLUSHMATE explains the flush system of its low-flush toilets.