This paper summarises results from field tests with UV-tubes.
GADGIL, A. ; DREASCHER, A. ; GREENE, D. ; MILLER, P. ; MOTAU, C. ; STEVENS, F. (1997): Field testing UV Disinfection of Drinking Water. المُدخلات: Proceedings of the 23rd WEDC Conference "Water and Sanitation for All," Durban South Africa, September 1-5, 1997: URL [Accessed: 17.05.2019]
This master thesis researches UV tube performance, effectiveness and optimization of design at Laboratory (Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory at UC Berkeley) and in the field (near Patzcuaro, Mexico).
COHN, A. (2002): UV tube as an appropriate water disinfection technology. Master Thesis. Berkeley: University of California URL [Accessed: 17.05.2019]
This booklet, part of the Smart Water Solutions series provides a wide range of methods and products for home water treatment in rural areas.
NWP (2010): Smart Disinfection Solutions. Examples of small-scale disinfection products for safe drinking water. (= Smart water solutions ). Amsterdam: KIT Publishers URL [Accessed: 17.05.2019]
A significant number of deaths and injuries in sewer and watermain work are directly related to trenching. Trenching fatalities are mainly caused by cave-ins. Death occurs by suffocation or crushing when a worker is buried by falling soil. Over half of all powerline contacts involve buried cable. Before excavating, the gas, electrical, and other services in the area must be accurately located and marked. If the service poses a hazard, it must be shut off and disconnected. Read more here.
IHSA (1991): Trenching Safety - Introduction to Trenching Hazards. Mississauga: Infrastructure Health & Safety Association URL [Accessed: 16.05.2019]
This document outlines that the drinking water sources in the Kibera Slum in Nairobi are of very bad condition. It contains information about Kenya Water for Health Organization (KWAHO) and its implementation of a Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS) project.
KWAHO (n.y): SODIS - Water Quality Improvement at Household Level. A Case Example From the Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya. Nairobi: EAWAG / SANDEC URL [Accessed: 16.05.2019]
This well illustrated report describes the status and trends with respect to the use of safe drinking-water and basic sanitation, and progress made towards the MDG drinking-water and sanitation target. It presents some striking disparities: the gap between progress in providing access to drinking-water versus sanitation; the divide between urban and rural populations in terms of the services provided; differences in the way different regions are performing, bearing in mind that they started from different baselines; and disparities between different socioeconomic strata in society. Each JMP report assesses the situation and trends anew and so this JMP report supersedes previous reports (e.g. from 2004, 2006 and 2008).
WHO ; UNICEF (2010): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water. 2010 Update. Geneva: World Health Organisation (WHO) / New York: UNICEF URL [Accessed: 16.05.2019]
This Snapshot of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Africa (2010 update) aims at informing on the status and trends in progress towards achieving the MDG drinking-water and sanitation target in Africa. It includes statistics, illustrations, tables and graphics specifically related to the African continent, based on the JMP 2010 report data and prepared in collaboration with the WHO/UNICEF JMP.
AFRICAN MINISTERS’ COUNCIL ON WATER (AMCOW) (2010): A Snapshot of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Africa – 2010 Update. A Regional Perspective Based on New Data from the WHO/UNICEF JMP for Water Supply and Sanitation. Abuja: African Ministers’ Council on Water URL [Accessed: 16.05.2019]
This is a report to evaluate what impact the Hippo Water Rollers had made on the community of Maleng-Agok (South Sudan) after 8 months of use.
HIPPOROLLER (2010): Hippo Water Rollers in South Sudan. Johannesburg: The Hippo Water Roller Project URL [Accessed: 16.05.2019]
This document contains a new set of drinking water and sanitation coverage estimates for Africa based on the most recent JMP (Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation) estimates (2006). It provides an assessment of the population currently using an improved drinking-water source and basic sanitation, disaggregated by sub-regions and urban and rural areas. It further details African progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target for drinking-water supply and sanitation (Target 7c).
UNICEF ; WHO (2008): A Snapshot of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Africa. A regional perspective based on new data from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. New York and Geneva: UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) URL [Accessed: 16.05.2019]
These three appendixes describe rather recent water situations, from expert's point of view, delivering various analysis: water system assessment and summary findings for 18 Asian cities (Appendix 1), six case studies dealing with different water management systems and resource situations (Appendix 2), and six examples of divers small-scale water providers (Appendix 3).
MCINTOSH A.C. (2003): Appendixes. 1: City Profiles and Summary Findings. 2: Case Studies. 3: Examples of Small-Scale Water Providers. المُدخلات: MCINTOSH, A.C. ; (2003): Asian Water Supplies. Reaching the Urban Poor. . URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
This manuals is primarily aimed at project managers, engineers and technicians, but can also be used by others. It contains information on project development in regard to drinking water supply and concrete tools for project management.
FROEHLICH, U. WEHRLE, K. NIEDERER, S. (2001): Management Guide. St. Gallen: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT). Series of Manuals on Drinking Water Supply, vol 2. URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
International guidelines for designing intermittent water supplies. Contains a case study focusing on pressure optimisation.
VAIRAVAMOORTHY, K. AKINPELU, E. LIN, Z. ALI, M. (2001): Design of Sustainable Water Distribution Systems in Developing Countries. London: Water Development Research Unit, South Bank University URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
Proceedings and key issues of meetings held during the Urban Think Tank workshop in Hyderabad, India, focusing on intermittent water supplies. Strategies and different approaches to change the water supply system from intermittent to continuous were discussed.
MYERS, S. (2003): 24-Hour Water Supply: is this Goal Achievable? . (= Nagari Report of Urban Think Tank No. 15 ). New Delhi: Water and Sanitation Program – South Asia (WSP-SA) URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
In this technical note, the delivery systems normally considered for rural villages are described in terms of three levels of service. These depend on the constructing, operating and maintenance costs and techniques, and their impact on the consumer's health and convenience.
USAID (1982): Methods of Delivering Water. Washington D.C. (USA): United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Water for the World -Technical Note No. RWS. 4.M URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
This manual is intended for the managers and technicians in charge of the operation and maintenance of the urban drinking water supply systems. It is a guide to strengthen the technical, operational and managerial capabilities required of the concerned personal in order to maintain acceptable norms of quantity, quality, reliability and cost.
CPHEEO (2005): Manual on Operation and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems. New Delhi: Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Indian Ministry of Urban Development URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]
This report compares different water utilities in Africa, in regard to their size, operation, efficiency, and also debt and liquidity. Yet, it also contains more general information, such as an economic and regulatory overview of water utilities (water utility business models, performance agreements, management, availability of water and sanitation, regulatory environment, tariff structure etc.).
WSP (2008): African Water Utilities Regional Comparative Utility Creditworthiness Assessment Report. Kenya: Water and Sanitation Program - Africa Regions URL [Accessed: 15.05.2019]