Catalogue

UASB maintains a high concentration of biomass through formation of highly settable microbial aggregates. Wastewater flows upwards through a blanket…

An unplanted drying bed is a simple, permeable bed that, when loaded with sludge, collects percolated leachate and allows the sludge to dry by…

The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) is a single tank process. Wastewater enters the reactor from the bottom, and flows upward. A…

At the end of 2015, about six out of ten refugees lived in urban areas (UNHCR 2016). Refugees and Internally Displaced People (IDPs) move to cities…

Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) aims at designing and managing the urban water system in a holistic manner. This section provides a basic…

An urinal is used only for collecting urine. Urinals are generally for men, although models for women have also been developed. Most urinals use…

The separate collection of urine allows to reduce water used in toilets for flushing and to collect the nutrients contained in the urine in order to…

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Separately collected and hygienised urine is a concentrated source of nutrients which can be applied as a liquid fertilizer in agriculture to replace…

Urine makes up less than 0.5 % of household wastewater but contains most of the essential plant nutrients N, P and K. Waterless urinals or urine…

When urine cannot be used immediately or transported using a conveyance technology (i.e. [8287-jerrycans]) it can be stored onsite in containers or…

A urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT) is a toilet that operates without water and has a divider so that the user, with little effort, can divert the…

The urine-diverting flush toilet (UDFT) is similar in appearance to a cistern flush toilet except for the diversion in the bowl. The toilet bowl has…

Progress and performance must be measured to attest a development in a (long term) project. With few, but carefully selected indicators, it is…