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28 January 2019

Lecture: Tools for environmental Impact Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

Author/Compiled by
Manoj K. Pandey, NMBU
Executive Summary

High performance wastewater treatment systems may reduce the pollution load in the receiving water body, but in doing so the environmental burden might shift from the water to the air or soil as a result of consumption of more energy and chemicals.

There are a number of tools available for analysis of environmental performance of a given system, such as: life cycle analysis (LCA), cost analysis and multi criteria analysis. In this lecture, the applicability of LCA to evaluate the environmental implication of a wastewater treatment system is discussed.

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Background
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The conventional wastewater treatment plants remove pollutants from the wastewater and may reduce the pollution load in the receiving water body. But to operate, these systems require a high energy use and the operation and maintenance cost is also high.  The cost, energy consumption and low degree of recycling of nutrients to agriculture have raised the question of the sustainability of traditional wastewater treatment systems. Nutrient recycling can help to reduce the energy use associated with the production of commercial fertilizer, as production of mineral fertilizers is energy intensive and an important contributor to production of climate change gases (Refsgaard et al. 1998).

Comparative studies of different drinking water and wastewater treatment technologies, as well as broader concepts of water reuse and decentralized water systems, can therefore be modeled to identify hotspots for their process optimization and reduction of environmental burden.

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Learning Objectives
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The objective of the lecture is:

  1. to introduce the Life Cycle Analysis and its applicability to evaluate the environmental performance of Wastewater treatment systems

  2. to introduce the procedural frame work to conduct LCA of small decentralized wastewater treatment system
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Lecture
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Library References

Assessing the environmental impact of two options for small-scale wastewater treatment: comparing a reedbed and an aerated biological filter using a life cycle approach

DIXON, A. ; et al. (2003): Assessing the environmental impact of two options for small-scale wastewater treatment: comparing a reedbed and an aerated biological filter using a life cycle approach. In: Ecological Engineering: Volume 20 Issue 4, 297-308. URL [Accessed: 22.01.2019]
Further Readings
Case Studies

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