This ten-country study in Africa, provides a wealth of information on a vibrant independent water and sanitation sector that responds to market niches and meets the needs of both the poor and other unserviced communities on a very broad scale. The countries covered were Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Uganda, Senegal, and Tanzania. The overall picture that emerges from the study suggests that by recognizing and regularizing the activities, roles, and institutional position of independent providers, and by facilitating intermediation, coordination, and partnership between city-wide operators and independent providers, municipal and national authorities can set the stage for better delivery of water and sanitation services to the urban poor.
COLLIGNON, B. VEZINA, M. (2000): Independent Water and Sanitation Providers in African Cities. Full Report of a Ten-Country Study. Washington, DC: UNDP-World Bankd Water and Sanitation Program URL [Accessed: 30.11.2012]