Library

Sustainability is without doubt one of the most burning subject matters that subsumes many of the issues that we are seeing in CLTS and wider WASH practice. There have been several useful studies on sustainability that have highlighted some of the different aspects as well as the complexities involved. However, it is unclear how much of the learning from these studies has been built into current and future programming and practice. Based on existing research and our own understanding, this issue of Frontiers of CLTS is an attempt at an up to date synthesis of where we are at the beginning of 2015. In the issue, we identify some priority areas for learning: How to phase in sanitation marketing; Post-ODF engagement of government, NGOS, donors and others; How to ensure equity and inclusion; How to transform social norms; Monitoring, learning, changing

CAVILL, S. CHAMBERS, R. VERNON, N. (2015): Sustainability and CLTS: Taking Stock. (= Frontiers of CLTS: Innovations and Insights , 4 ). Brighton: Institute of Development Studies URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

http://washplus.org/rotary-usaid.html [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

The WASH Sustainability Index Tool, developed for the USAID-Rotary International H2O Collaboration, is a tool to assess sustainability of WASH programs. The tool considers the sustainability of institutional, management, financial, technical and environmental factors.

This policy perspective summarises key messages about the economic case for water investment, the barriers to investment and the financing gap. It charts a course for action to better value water and to facilitate water investment at scale. The Roundtable on Water Financing, a joint initiative of the OECD, the World Water Council and the Netherlands, will continue to deepen the evidence base and broaden engagement on these issues.

(2018): Financing Water: Investing in Sustainable Growth. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019] PDF

This book provides an overview of the principles of preparing a citywide sanitation strategy. It provides a description of the position of the citywide sanitation strategy within the sanitation development planning process and the steps to develop a citywide sanitation strategy.

WSP (2010): Marching Together with a Citywide Sanitation Strategy. URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

https://smetoolkit.businesspartners.co.za/en/content/deciding-business [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

The SME Toolkit website provides information about different steps of making business and helps you start your own business.

FRANCEYS, R. PEZON, C. (2010): Services are forever: The importance of capital maintenance (CapManEx) in ensuring sustainable WASH services. Briefing Note 1b. The Hague: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This flyer was developed by WHO and IWA during World Water Day 2010, highlighting the need of WSP for improvement of drinking water quality.

WHO ; IWA (2010): Water Safety Plans – Resources to support implementation. Geneva and London: World Health Organisation (WHO) and International Water Association (IWA) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

The fact sheet describes sanitation as a good business opportunity. The challenge is to find and identify effective, scalable, and sustainable sanitation solutions with economic attractiveness and allocate investments and funds to be able to implement the projects. This process needs to be guided by experts of marketers and designers and can effectively supported by the central and local governmental agencies and NGOs.

SUSANA (2010): Sanitation as a Business. (= SuSanA Factsheet ). Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This document gives a good overview of the background and the context of CLTS. Furthermore, it describes practices which are found to be very effective related to the approach as well as some obstacles which are often occurring.

CHAMBERS, R. (2009): Going to Scale with Community-Led Total Sanitation: Reflections on Experience, Issues and Ways Forward. (= Practice Paper , 1 ). URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

DUTI, V.A. (2012): Theme Paper: tracking Functionality of WASH facilities – A key to Sustainable Services. Annual Review Conference of the Community Water and Sanitation Agency. The Hague: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

Until now, sanitation has been seen as an unpopular “obligation”, a headache and an unwelcome burden for more successful water programmes. But the case for meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) in sanitation is overpowering and can only be achieved if the private sector becomes more involved in sanitation. Under the new paradigm, sanitation has to be seen as an opportunity – actually, as a business.

WSP (2004): Sanitation is a Business. Approaches for demand-oriented policies. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

These guidelines have been prepared to assist member countries and investors working in project formulation and appraisal, sector and policy analysis in the water supply, sanitation, irrigation and related agricultural projects. The guidelines acknowledge the widely held view that water is both a social and economic good and have been designed to assist all stakeholders in the implementation of sustainable services which support all consumers and users of water.

AFDB WATER PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMME (2010): Guidelines for User Fees and Cost Recovery for Rural Non Networked Water and Sanitation Delivery. Tunis : The African Development Bank (AFDB) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This Sewer System Management Plan presents SSMP presents Palmdale’s goals for the management, operation, and maintenance of its wastewater collection system.

RMC (2009): Palmdale Sewer System Management Plan. URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

The second module is concerned with implications on how to implement the life-cycle cost approach in service planning, including data collection, check lists and methodological advice.

WASHCOST (2012): Implementing the life-cycle cost approach. Module 2. The Hague: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This paper reviews process and protocol for defining, reporting, declaring, certifying ODF (Open Defecation Free) and sustaining ODF, highlighting where the process varies between countries and potential determinants of sustainability within the process itself.

THOMAS, A. BEVAN, J. (2013): Developing and Monitoring Protocol for the Elimination of Open Defecation. (= ODF Protocol ). Nairobi: UNICEF URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

Presentation on Water Safety Plans, describing different examples of WSP from the Philippines.

PERALTA, G. (n.y): Water Safety Plan and Selected Case Studies. Powerpoint Presentation. Manlia: WHO URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This report presents a wastewater treatment plant assessment for the City of Waterford.

RMC (2006): City of Waterford Wastewater Treatment Plant Assessment Report - Final Report. URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This is the Brief note on a multi-country study launched in 2007 as a response by the World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program to address major gaps in evidence among developing countries on the economic aspects of sanitation. Its objective is to provide economic evidence to increase the volumes and efficiency of public and private spending on sanitation. The Brief note summarises key findings of Study Phase II—cost-benefit analysis of alternative sanitation options—from Yunnan Province.

WSP (2011): The Economic Returns of Sanitation Interventions in Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China. Washington DC: Water and Sanitation Programme, Worldbank URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This Practice Note from WSUP (Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor) describes an Excel-based financial analysis tool which generates reliable costings of different options for achieving 100% sanitation access across low-income and non-low-income areas.

WSUP (2013): 100 percent Access by Design . A Financial Tool for Urban Sanitation. (= Practice Note, PN#009, MAY 2013 ). London: Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]

This report describes the process of implementation of Water Safety Plans in Bangladesh since 2004. It also consolidates the experience of the development of ‘model’ WSPs for key rural water supply technologies and of implementing WSPs in communities by NGOs and the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE).

ARSENIC POLICY SUPPORT UNIT (2006): Experiences from pilot projects to implement water safety plans in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Policy Support Unit (APSU) URL [Accessed: 18.06.2019]