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This brief examines two promising project activities in the micro-finance sector under the Creating Sanitation Market Initiative (CSMI), a multi-stakeholder initiative led by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) of the World Bank in Peru: 1) in Cusco, activities with the Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito del Cusco (CMAC Cusco) a Municipal Savings and Loan Fund owned by the municipal government of Cusco; and 2) in Cajamarca, activities to establish Village Banks that administer loans for household sanitation improvements. The brief was prepared with support from the USAID-funded Hygiene Improvement Project, a CSMI partner.

USAID HIP ; WSP (2010): Peru Case Studies in Sanitation Microfinance. (= Research Brief ). Washington DC: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

The Africa Water Vision 2025 was formulated to guide the development and management of water resources for sustainable development. A number of indicators were selected along the lines of the methodologies developed for the World Water Development Report in order to quantitatively measure progress in the implementation of water-related projects.

UN-WATER AFRICA (2006): African Water Development Report 2006 – Chapter “Indicators - Measuring the Progress of the African Water Vision. Addis Ababa: UN Water/Africa URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

https://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model, including information on operation and maintenance. It is a reference guide containing links to relevant documents explaining the different stages in the sanitation cycle.

This booklet presents several examples from Bolivia, the Philippines and Argentina of group- or NGO-based impact monitoring.

SCHWARZ, B. GERMAN, D. GOHL, E. (1996): Participatory Impact Monitoring Booklet 3: Application Examples. Eschborn: GATE/GTZ URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This paper puts forward possible measures for strengthening the urban water sector along with the enhancement of the capacity of the community, emphasizing the importance of water charges billing and collection involving user groups or NGOs.

WACP-UNHABITAT-WATER FOR ASIAN CITIES PROGRAMME, INDIA- UN-HABITAT (1999): Community Managed Systems for Operation, Billing and Collection of Water Charges. (= Policy Paper 1 ). Nairobi: UN-HABITAT URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This paper describes the CHAST approach and contains coloured pictures (e.g. of the cards used for the card game).

IRC (2006): CHAST in Somalia - Case Study. Delft: IRC URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/a-mod.htm [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This website contains a collection of training material intended to assist practitioners in helping low-income communities to overcome poverty, emphasizing methods and principles, not theory. One of the modules deals with the community project resources, including project proposals.

Experiences with PHAST in western Ghana.

NUNOO, D., MUMUNI, O and NUKUNU, N. (2009): Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST): A methodology for sustainable hygiene and sanitation behaviour change with experience from the Bawku West District of Ghana. Accra (Ghana): West Africa Regional Sanitation and Hygiene Symposium. URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This project management tutorial is intended for anyone who is involved in or will be involved in projects that take place within or are conducted in association with DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services). The text, however, has been prepared in such a way that it can be used by other organisations, particularly those in the non-profit sector, that use project-based working methods.

BAARS, W. (2006): Project Management Handbook, Version 1.1 – July 2006. URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/ [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This link brings you to the official homepage of the WHO and its water and sanitation department.

EMPOWERS was a four-year regional project at governorate, district and village level in Egypt, Jordan and Palestine. This publication is not a manual but it does provide guidance for those who think that tracking the obstacles and opportunities for change is important.

SCHOUTEN, T. MIZYED, B. AL-ZOUBI, R. ABU-ELSEOUD, M. ABD-ALHADI, F.T. (2007): The Inside Story – Process Documentation, Experiences from EMPOWERS. Amman: Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM) URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This booklet on NGO-based impact monitoring is addressed to staff members of development organisations, i.e. national organizations such as NGOs, federations or government organizations which promote self-help groups. It explains how NGO-based impact monitoring works in a simple, illustrated and easy-to-understand manner.

GERMAN, D. GOHL, E. (1996): Participatory Impact Monitoring Booklet 2: NGO-based impact monitoring. Eschborn: GATE/GTZ URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

https://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model, including participatory approaches. It is a reference guide containing links to relevant documents explaining the different stages in the sanitation cycle.

PALDIN is an innovative, open, learning program with the aim of capacity building of adult educators. Unit 2 (process documentation) discusses the aims and objectives of the activity of documenting all processes of developing an adult learning setup, methods and tools used in it; such as process narration and flow charts. It also tells us how to conduct process documentation.

JAIN, S. MISHRA, M. DIGHE, A. GOSWAMI, P.R. (2006): Participatory Adult Learning, Documentation and Information Networking (PALDIN), Course 2. In: JOSEPH, J.A. ; (2006): Unit 2. Documentation Process. New Delhi: 13-26. URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This short booklet is written for leaders or members of self-help groups and describes how group-based impact monitoring works in a simple and easily understandable style.

GERMAN, D. GOHL, E. (1996): Participatory Impact Monitoring Booklet 1: Group-based impact monitoring. Eschborn: GATE/GTZ URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This training manual about Integrated Water Resources Management contains a module on indicators and its application.

TAYLOR, P. LIDEN, R. NDIRANGU, W. JIN, L. (2008): Integrated Water Resources Management for River Basin Organisations – Training Manual. Pretoria: International Network for Capacity Building in Integrated Water Resources Management (Cap-Net) URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

“Most Significant Change” is a tool that is used during a process documentation for analysing Information. This publication is aimed at organisations, community groups, students and academics who wish to use Most Significant Change to help monitor and evaluate their social change programs and projects, or to learn more about how it can be used. The technique is applicable in many different sectors, including agriculture, education and health, and especially in development programs.

DAVIES, R. DART, R. (2005): The “Most Significant Change” (MSC) Technique – A Guide to its Use. Cambridge, Hastings: URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This short booklet explains the concept of participatory impact monitoring in depth, but in a simple and richly illustrated way.

GERMAN, D. GOHL, E. (1996): Participatory Impact Monitoring Booklet 4: The concept of participatory impact monitoring. Eschborn: GATE/GTZ URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

This paper compiles available information on indicators of drinking water quality within potable water distribution systems. The indicators include microbial and non-microbial parameters, for which sample collection and analyses could be performed to identify existing or potential problems, as well as other methods or tools that may similarly function as problem indicators.

EPA (2006): Distribution System Indicators of Drinking Water Quality. URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]

In these paragraphs the author explores the concept of O&M, discusses certain myths about it; and suggests ways to improve it.

CARTER, R. C. (2009): Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supplies. In: Perspectives N° 2. St. Gallen: Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN): URL [Accessed: 19.06.2019]