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Given the low willingness to pay for latrines with cash, efforts to sell latrines at market price without any financing mechanism will lead to continued low penetration. The major implication of this study is that offering microfinance loans for latrines will dramatically increase uptake of latrines, while also making distribution significantly cheaper per latrine sold.

SHAH, N.B. SHIRRELL, S. FRAKER, A. WANG, P. WANG, E. (2013): Understanding Willingness to Pay for Sanitary Latrines in Cambodia. Findings from Four Field Experiments of iDE Cambodia's Sanitation Marketing Program. Denver: iDE URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

Microfinance application in water and sanitation is a burgeoning concept. This paper, which is based on a case study in Ghana, provides a clear case of extending microfinance to water and sanitation businesses.

AFRANE, S.K. ; ADJEI-POKU, B. (2013): Expanding the Frontiers of Microfinance in the Service of the Poor. In: International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences: Volume 3 , 129-141. URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

The purpose of these project management guidelines is to help you to organise, plan and control your projects. They are designed to help you to maximise the potential for your projects to succeed by helping you address each element of your project at the right time and to the right level of detail for the size and complexity of your project.

BERR- DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS, ENTERPRISE AND REGULATORY REFORM (2007): Guidelines for Managing Projects. London: BERR URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

This case study investigates how household financing for sanitation can be mobilised via microfinance institutions and commercial banks in order to accelerate sustainable access to sanitation facilities and/or services.

TREMOLET, S. KUMAR, T.V.S.R. (2013): Evaluating the Potential of Microfinance for Sanitation in India. London: Sanitation and Hygiene Applied Research for Equity (SHARE) URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

The aim of this study was to assess the use of traditional microfinance methods as an innovative approach to the development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria.

EZENWAJI, E.E. ; ENETE, I.C. (2013): The Use of Traditional Microfinance Method as an Innovative Approach to the Development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria. In: Hydrology: Volume 1 , 18-25. URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

This paper shows how local microfinance activities such as revolving funds, community rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAS) work for improving water and sanitation in Ghana. In addition, other examples of local microfinance mechanisms for water and sanitation from Cambodia, Uganda, Cote d'Ivoire and India are provided.

AGBENORHERI, M. FONESKA, C. (2005): Local Financing Mechanisms for Water Supply. Background Report for WELL. URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

ThisFactsheet will help you to develop your own Gantt Chart for your project.

TASMANIAN GOVERNMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (2008): Project Management Fact Sheet: Developing a Gantt Chart, Version: 1.2. . URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

This eBook helps you to manage projects more successfully by describing each of the steps in the project lifecycle.

METHOD123 (2003): Project Management Guidebook. URL [Accessed: 23.06.2019]

This guide is for practitioners in developing countries – politicians, officials, professionals, private business people, members of civil society organizations and laypersons – involved in different ways in providing the infrastructure and services for water and sanitation. It is also aimed at students needing a compact introduction to this topic.

EUWI FWG (2011): Financing for Water and Sanitation. A Primer for Practitioners and Students in Developing Countries. Stockholm: EU Water Initiative Finance Working Group (EUWI FWG) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

AUB ; OGC (2010): Proposal and Budget Preparation. American University of Beirut (AUB) and Office of Grants and Contracts (OGC) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

http://www.opp.org.pk/opp-rti/ [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This is the website of the Orangi Pilot Project Research and Training Institute. Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) began to work as an NGO in Orangi town in 1980. The website provides information about five basic programmes of low cost sanitation, housing, health, education and credit for micro enterprises.

For many households, standposts managed by utilities, donors, or private operators have emerged as an alternative to piped water. Those managed by utilities or that supply utility water are expected to use the formal utility tariffs, which are kept low to make water affordable for low-income households. The price for water that is resold through informal channels, however, is much more expensive than piped water.

BANERJEE, S. FOSTER, V. YING, Y. SKILLING, H. WODON, Q. (2010): Cost Recovery, Equity, and Efficiency in Water Tariffs. Evidence from African Utilities. Washington DC: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This paper presents comparative analysis among community-based development (CBD) and/or community-driven development (CDD) projects, and between CBD and/or CDD and non-CBD and non-CDD projects in water supply and sanitation (WSS).

HILL, D. (2009): Supporting Community-Driven Development in Developing Member Countries. Community-Based Development in Water and Sanitation Projects. Asian Development Bank (ADB) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This booklet on Smart Finance Solutions, gives examples of how various existing financial mechanisms and products are being used to finance water and sanitation projects and small local businesses

SINGELING, M. CLAASEN, F CASELLA, D. DAALEN, T. FONSECA, C. (2009): Smart Finance Solutions. Examples of Innovative Financial Mechanisms for Water and Sanitation. Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP) and International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This report examines innovative financing mechanisms that can help attract new financial resources into water and sanitation services. A particular focus is placed on mobilising market-based repayable financing (such as loans, bonds and equity) as a way of bridging the financial gap to meet the Millennium Development Goals and other crucial sector objectives.

OECD (2010): Innovative Financing Mechanisms for the Water Sector. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

https://water.org/about-us/our-work/watercredit/ [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

WaterCredit is an initiative of Water.org that puts microfinance tools to use in the water and sanitation (WASH) sector. It is the only comprehensive, multi-country program of its kind that connects the microfinance and WASH communities to scale up access to credit and capital for individual- and household-based water and sanitation needs.

The purpose of this manual is to create a new synergy by bringing together project management practices and socio-economic and gender issues within the conceptual framework of SEAGA. The manual is principally written for practitioners at the operational level in government, NGOs, Civil Society Organisations and the private sector. It presents a set of case studies for the planning of a project.

BISHOP, C. SEAGA (2001): Project Cycle Management, Technical Guide. Rome (Italy): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis (SEAGA) Programme URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This case shows how the members of Malawi Homeless People's Federation make monthly savings of at least 0,14 USD towards a pool fund called Mchenga fund. It finances their development needs according to the priorities of the members.

KHATAZA, R. (2008): A $ 0,14 toilet in a month: Financing Urban Eco-Sanitation through Group Savings in Malawi. Malawi: Centre for Community Organisation and Development (CCODE) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This document provides information on saving mechanisms such as community-based saving and credit groups in Cambodia, savings and credit systems in Laos and the history of saving and credit programs in Vietnam

ESCAP UN (n.y): Urban Community-based-Savings-and-Credit Systems in Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic and Vietnam. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]

This brief examines two promising project activities in the micro-finance sector under the Creating Sanitation Market Initiative (CSMI), a multi-stakeholder initiative led by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) of the World Bank in Peru: 1) in Cusco, activities with the Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito del Cusco (CMAC Cusco) a Municipal Savings and Loan Fund owned by the municipal government of Cusco; and 2) in Cajamarca, activities to establish Village Banks that administer loans for household sanitation improvements. The brief was prepared with support from the USAID-funded Hygiene Improvement Project, a CSMI partner.

USAID HIP ; WSP (2010): Peru Case Studies in Sanitation Microfinance. (= Research Brief ). Washington DC: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) URL [Accessed: 21.06.2019]