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How can you take care of a slow sand filter on your own? Although slightly out-of-date, this document provides a detailed and well-illustrated description on how to operate and maintain a simple slow sand filter.
VEENSTRA, S. VISSCHER, J.T. (1985): Slow Sand Filtration: Manual for Caretakers. (= IRC Training series , 1 ). The Hague: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre URL [Accessed: 06.02.3012]Factsheet on emergency drinking water disinfection from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The factsheets can be downloaded as PDF in English, Spanish, French, Arabic and Vietnamese.
Short introduction on technical and practical aspects of chlorination.
For thousands of years, bricks have been made from clay. The water treatment plant sludge is extremely close to brick clay in chemical composition, suggesting that it could be a potential substitute for brick clay.
HEGAZY, BADR EL-DIN E. ; FOUAD, H.A. ; HASSANAIN, A.M. (2012): Brick Manufacturing From Water Treatment Sludge And Rice Husk Ash. In: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences: Volume 6 , 453-461. URL [Accessed: 24.07.2019]This presentation describes the NETSSAF participatory planning approach in a brief manner.
BARRETO DILLON, L. BUZIE FRU, C. (2008): Introduction to the NETSSAF Participatory Planning Approach, a tutorial and guideline for sustainable sanitation planning . (= Proceedings of the NETSSAF Final Conference “Pathways towards Sustainable Sanitation in Africa" ). Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): Network for the development of Sustainable Approaches for large scale implementation of Sanitation in Africa (NETSSAF) URL [Accessed: 18.07.2019] PDFThis document draws upon the material prepared for fertiliser strategy as-sessment, summarises the information on the approaches to enhancing fertiliser supply and use in Africa, and identifies some future steps.
AGWE, J. MORRIS, M. FERNANDES, E. (2007): Africa’s Growing Soil Fertility Crisis: What Role For Fertilizer? . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This thematic study on forests and water was developed in the context of the Global Forest Resources Assessment programme. It is directed to a broad range of technical experts, scientists and decision-makers, particularly national authorities, and presents recommendations on giving more attention to the role of forests and trees in water protection and management at the national level. It also calls for stronger collaboration between the water and forest communities.
FAO (2008): Forests and Water. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]The objectives of the study are to provide on-farm demonstrations of controlled drainage and sub-irrigation systems, and to determine their effect on crop yields and environmental benefits. It compares the nitrate concentration, water loss and crop yields of controlled drainage with free outlet tile drainage.
TAN, C.S. ; DRURY, C.F. ; NG, H.Y.F. ; GAYNOR, J.D. (1999): Effect of Controlled Drainage and Subirrigation on Subsurface Tile Drainage Nitrate Loss and Crop Yield at the Farm Scale. In: Canadian Water Resources Journal : Volume 24 , 177. URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]What is drainage water management? Where is it most suitable? How do I manage it and what is the outcome? This short publication addresses those questions important for practitioners.
FRANKENBERGER, J. KLADIVKO, E. SANDS, G. JAYNES, D. FAUSEY, N. HELMERS, M. COOKE, R. STROCK, J. NELSON, K. BROWN, L. (2006): Drainage Water Management for the Midwest. Questions and Answers About Drainage Water Management for the Midwest. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Agriculture URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]This paper describes how check dams help to control sedimentation.
METROPOLITAN COUNCIL (n.y): Sediment Control. Check Dams. St. Paul: Metropolitan Council URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]These practices involve the application of organic materials to form a temporary, protective soil cover. They can be implemented as a pre-made blanket or applied loose as a mulch. Organic mulches, hydraulically applied mulches, erosion control blankets and turf-reinforcement mats (TRMs) are discussed in this paper. When selected and applied correctly, they are the most effective, practical means of controlling runoff and erosion on disturbed land prior to vegetation establishment.
METROPOLITAN COUNCIL (n.y): Soil Erosion Control - Mulches, Blankets and Mats. St. Paul: Metropolitan Council URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]A short article about soil amendments and some tips how some different amendments can be used and its benefits.
WEST COAST SEEDS (2011): Soil Amendments and How to Use Them. Ladner: West Coast Seeds URL [Accessed: 09.07.2019]